Automatic magazine peed solid fuel heater



AUS? 14, 1945' w. T. BRADBURY ErAL 2,332,287

UTOMATIC MAGAZINE FEED SOLID FUEL' HEATER Y Filed Jan. 21. 1942 Patented Aug. 14, 1945` fuma, keine adaptable Afor space .heaters :as n

well ,has hfor het air jfurnaceseoriother Aheating appliances,4 including waterAfor .other liquid heaters. lla-oreV particularly, :our 4invention Ahas to do with a type -Aof jheatinggidevice AfwhichLso tar as its general design is concerned, fhas been known ,for-a lons time. being of a typevarmusly referred Ato ,in fthe `.1 art .as magazine stoves, :base burners, self' stokers, etc.` A A Broadlyconsidered, the Atype of .heater referred to .consists of a magazine 4for soli'diuel, suchas coal', sawdust, briguettes,v Aetc.,j into the top, of which the fuel is rfed at,:intervals,.a.;g1ate fleeing disposed under said magazine'andan'outer Wall spaced from said magazine .to forman :annular combustion chamber around the, rnagazina` The deviceY -Irnay .be circular,l square, or `otherwise shaped in itsA ...general cross-sectionalYcontour.` In operation, the fuel 'is disposed within fthe magazine Aand restson thegrate, 4being Acoked as "it approaches .the lower portionof the maga-` zine, ,and gaseous combustion taking place `mainly A in fthe space above the iuelbed lying on the grate and within the annular ,combustionchamben We 1have 'made certainy improvements in "the typev of device broadly-"described above Awhich We believe ito be 'newand whichsubstantially improve 'the `operating eiciencylof .the device, this being one ofthe principal objects of our inven-A- tion. V Another object ofA'our invention'isto provide,

in Va device of the `typedescribeeLjan.iinproved` arrangement for Afeeding secondary Aair into the gaseous -products of combustion adjacent the base of Ethecorribustion chamberwhereby com# plete combustion `will loccur 1in' `the combustion chamber, thus Atending to produce `-niaxirnum heating .eicency. `'Lhus,` according to our' in` .vention, :substantiallyno combustion is permitted toioccur in the stack. I y

Still another objectiswo provide a deviceoi" d5 is lprovided .over- 'which =is disposed an` .ash pit portion JUE, an access door Th1 ."-being providedfor the lash pit iin which isdisposedfan ash-pani!8;?` A1 =.Seoured.within the side walltH `of fthe leasing, as by means of brackets t9 Lor lother suitable means. isa ,fheat .resistant 'lining .20 of `cast .iron, endother Asuitablechfeat 'resistantmatenall 'Bhe lining 20. .extends trom :a Aportion approximately midwaybetweenithegrate12i2 and the rtoplof the stove .to the .igrate tse'lf,` the -grate ybeing sup ported fon? ia sange 13A formed .von fthe lower-edge of the lining 2U or on suitablelugs fformedlthere- (on. 'Allhe igratewmay ibe fof ranylsuitable shape; inlthe embodimentishown it consistsoia substantially horizontal xpunition. 2i :and Jan upwardly and zoutwardlyfextending peripheral "portion 1.25,

the .grade fleeingiatticed to ipermit 3passage of pri mary :air :into fthe: fuel bed lying thereon. .s ('Ifhe uppensoutlneiofathe @fuel bed is lindicatedby the A.

detted lines 2H-Jl A shakermarm '.28 connected to the.gratevextendsiorwardly towardfiioorllil; i"

- Arranged avi-thin thefcasirig *t0 -ar-idjseeured as` byweldingjto'the top-Wall jP2 thereof -isja sub'- stantially cylindrical magazine portion 32 which is associated with a `downwardly and outwardly tapering' 'magazine `portieri 'A133 formed 'of heat resistant r.rrr:arterial,` such as cast iron, *lire clan/or other suitable material. :conical `portionV 1of Y the magazine-away be 'supportedinany `suitable manner. i i A ylThe 4WallWl liskprofvided -iwith a flue ,outlet `415, and a -substantially'lr1brizontal 'baille v element 4B is arranged belcwitheoutletfand withinthe'space the type .referred to which "is -so'vdesigned that Various othenobjectstand advances will no f i doubt suggest themselveszto those skilled in the to .be cylindrical, butmayfbe square or otherwise shaped in -Across sect'on. Said casing has a sid@ W??? lf'gldiaptAQpAYia ,11712. A suitable base no mary air through a port 56111 the casing below `between i the i magazine and the wallftll. lj'rllhis lbaiile may--extendthroughout substantially the rear fha'lfbf the 'combustion *space-iso thatfthe combustion *gases lare- Vforced icrwardlyiof tiie` device 2in a fmorelor less itor-tuous path 'instead of being suckedtoward the outlet ina more orless direct path. Inthisway the entire casin's l'slib-l" i providing fefli-` stantially uniformly heated, thus cient .heat `exchange.`

A pivoted'iidfu vis provided fdr-the intrdtuctiop l of fuel into the magazine. The upper porti'onbf the magazine is also provided --with faiegasfrelief damperllill which mayjbe controlled manually; as

,bymeans of a lever j5l, orhmay, Lifidesirable, Abe

'connectedby a suitablelinkage-with theli'd-ilnsc thatwhen the lid is `opened forlreulirig, any gas .withinxthe magazine willimmediately abeaiito'- maticallydischarged to the-stack rather thanlinto the Aroom, thereby also Apreventing spontaneous flashing of `such .gas 'Within i the'I magazine. f *Sue an i connections between the gas "irlief damper theilid :arefoldin devices'offthistypm` A A-rdamperf'visprovided for tthe cpntrolf of pri grate, said damper 55 being hingedly mounted on a pintle 58. TheA damper preferably carries an ear B which extends more or less horizontally toward the casing. A rod 62 is mounted on the; I casing by means of a bracket 63 secured to the The rod is threaded into the bracket s3 and has attached to the upper portionthereof'an]Y adjustment handle 66, one end of which serves 'as a pointer cooperating with a dial which may be formed on or secured to the upperfacerof the bracket 63. l

The arrangement just described serves as an automatic thermostatic control for the damper 55 in the followingmanner: When thewstove is cold, the handle 66 may be rotatedto open'the damper,

.if it is not already open, by reason of the threaded arrangementV of the rod through its support 63, the screwing downof the rod bearing against the ear 60, and thus rocking the damper in a counterclockwise direction to open position. As thecasing I0 heats up and expands the rod will naturally be raisedv by its support 63, thus releasing `pressure on the ,ear S0 and permitting the damper graduallyto close. f Obviously by a `slight modification, the rod may be arranged to actuate'a ue damper instead of a draft door, as shown. j

' It is believed from the foregoing that the advantages of our improved construction will be clearly apparent. lThe downwardly tapered conical lower portion 33 of the magazine permits the fue1 to expand as it cokes thus preventing arching rthereof, which is a serious disadvantage in many devices of this' type. The introduction of heated air under pressure into the upwardly rise ing stream of combustible gas distilled from the fuel. bed adds greatly to the efficiency of combustion within the heater itself and substantially .prevents the escape of any combustibles in the stack.

'v A plurality of relatively small openings or portsk are provided in the lining 20, preferably at compartively short equi-spaced intervals. Air flows around the outside of the liner 2l), being heated as it contacts the fire box portion 30, issuing through the ports P in relatively small and closely spaced jets into the gases-of combustion between the i onical element33 and the liner 20.

- `llriasinuch as the device -is designed to operate atbest efliciency with the Vsolid fuel bridging the space between the lower edge kof the conical member 33,and the linergZUas indicated by the dotted linesy 21, it will be seenfthat secondary air is introduced at or near the base of .the columnl of combustible gas, i. e., near `the level at which the latter issues from ther solid fuel. In this way the secondary air is thoroughly commingled with such gases, greatly enhancing the' eiciency of combu'stioni v U ,y i l cylindricalportion33a is of the same or similar heat resistant material as 'the portion 33 and may be either integral or separately formed, as shown. v'Ihe sheet metal magazine element 32 extends fromthe-top wall l2orfl the casing around the outside ofthe portion 33a and is seatedion ashoulder S 4formed on the member 3 3.

As stated, our invention is applicable either to radiant stoves, circulating room heaters, liquid heaters,y or furnaces. In the case ofi. circulators or furnaces,vthere will, of course, be an additional casing outside, of y'the casing l0 forthe passageof Various changes coming within the spirit of our invention will become apparent to those skilled 1n the art, and hence we do not wish to be limited to the specific form shown or uses mentioned,

except to the'extent indicated in the appended claims.'

' We claim:

1. In a space heater, a heater jacket comprising Va cylindrical enclosure affording a combustion chamber and an air supply chamber, a plurality )of support element intervening said chambers for supporting a grate centrally thereof, a cylindrical lining member having radially spaced supporting lugs andcomprising a portion parallelly spaced fromsaid jacket and a'portion converging conically and also supported upon said elements, a magazine and hopper structure comprising a cylindrical portion and flared skirting portion, the lowermost extremity of which rests upon said lugs and is spaced so as to provide a restricted gas passageway with said parallelly spaced'portion of said cylindrical lining, said lining having a plurality of radial openings for communicating a supplemental oxygen supply from the space between itself and said jacket to saidconstricted passageway, and draft flue means communicating with the space between said magazine and hopper structure and said jacket for drawing oi the gaseous products of combustion after they have passed said constricted passageway.

2. In a space heater, a metallic enclosure jacket affording a combustion chamber and an air supply chamber, means forsupporting a re bed grate comprising a plurality of secured elements intervening saidchambers, a magazine and hopper structure extending longitudinally of said combustion chamber and comprising a flared skirting portion, a fire lining element having a section parallelly spaced from said jacket and a section converging conically dependent therefrom and resting upon said secured elements, said liner having means extending therefrom for supporting the skirted portion of said magazine and hopper structure in spaced relationship with said parallel portion of the lining to provide a gas passageway and a plurality of closelyspaced secondary draft supply passageways for communi eating between the space formed between the jacket and the parallel portion of said lining with said gas passageway whereby complete combustion of gaseous combustibles passing through said passageway is assured.

3. In a space heater, a metallic heater jacket comprising a cylindrical enclosure affording a combustion chamber and an air supply chamber, a cylindrical lining member having circumferentially spaced supporting lugs and comprising a section parallelly disposed with respect to said jacket and a section converging conically, a fuel hopper comprising a cylindrical portion and a flared skirt portion extending through said combustion chamber, said hopper being mounted upon said supportingv lugs and having its lowermost extremity spacedfrom said lining member to provide a restricted passageway, said liner having a plurality of closely rspaced openings in that portion thereof adjacent said restricted passageway, so as to support substantially complete combustion of escaping Vgases-drawn through said restricted passageway. l

WILLIAM T. BRADBURY. CECIL E. cHEssER. HERMAN F. LIEBER. 

